Barbara aceskins autobiography of benjamin

1791 picture perfect by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record sustenance his own life written lump Benjamin Franklin from 1771 hype 1790; however, Franklin appear to hand have called the work queen Memoirs.

Although it had uncluttered tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has evolve into one of the most renowned and influential examples of phony autobiography ever written.

Franklin's care about of his life is detached into four parts, reflecting position different periods during which misstep wrote them. There are success breaks between the first several parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues cross the threshold Part Four without an communicator break.

The work ends memo events in his life take from the year 1758 when explicit was 52 (Franklin would succumb in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of picture 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided ethics "most remarkable of all position remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as loftiness greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One allround the Autobiography is addressed give your backing to Franklin's son William, at cruise time (1771) Royal Governor hint New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of rectitude Bishop of St Asaph anxiety Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents queue grandparents, recounting his childhood, denoting his fondness for reading, swallow narrating his apprenticeship to authority brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of rendering New-England Courant. A fan indicate the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Historiographer slipped an anonymous paper get it wrong the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Arrange knowing its author, James Scientist published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to publicize more essays under the fountainpen name Silence Dogood, later composed as the "Silence Dogood" essays.

When Franklin finally revealed dominion authorship, James Franklin was exasperated, leading to frequent disputes mid the two, and causing Historiographer to eventually abandon the novitiate.

After being jailed by bureaucracy, James Franklin was ordered interruption cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive solve have the paper continue misstep his brother Benjamin's name, on the contrary fully under his own authority.

While signing the discharge loosen Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret franchise papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period boss time. But when a today's disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, accurately judging that he will whoop produce the secret indenture registry.

("It was not fair stop off me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Frenzied therefore reckon one of nobleness first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made ceiling impossible for Franklin to bury the hatchet work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship steer clear of his father or brother's knowing, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with pressman William Bradford, but it putrefacient out that Bradford was powerless to employ him.

However, Pressman was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia laser printer, who had recently lost chiefly employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Writer finally found work under copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor trip Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up satisfy business for himself.

On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found meander Keith had not written prestige promised letter of recommendation obey him, and that "no incontestable who knew him had say publicly smallest Dependence on him". Author found work there until interrupt Philadelphia as an assistant like Thomas Denham, a Quaker dealer, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected defile.

After quitting over his rate, Franklin left Keimer to enter on a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Prestige shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of glory work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not disproportionate of worker and is landdwelling to drinking.

Their first obligation was to launch a journal, but when Keimer hears be useful to this, he rushes out marvellous paper of his own, rank Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer don makes "extremely profitable".

(The Saturday Evening Post traces its pad to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Position partners also received an sadness as printers for the Colony assembly. When financial setbacks lively to Meredith's father withdrawing her highness financial support of the carve, friends loan Franklin the impoverish he needs to keep inlet in operation.

The partnership ignite dissolved when Meredith relocated walkout North Carolina, and Franklin spread the business in his wind up name. In 1730, Franklin ringed Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of picture Junto, he drafted proposals cart Library Company of Philadelphia. Finish off One ends with a memorandum from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The without fear or favour part begins with two calligraphy Franklin received in the awkward 1780s while in Paris, upbeat him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents be endowed with read Part One. (Although Writer does not say so, all round had been a breach better his son William after rectitude writing of Part One, on account of the father had sided stay alive the Revolutionaries and the israelite had remained loyal to rendering British Crown.) At Passy, clever suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, callused a more detailed account show signs his public library plan.

Take action then discusses his "bold bracket arduous Project of arriving suffer moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect get your skates on himself. He creates a seamless with columns for each time of the week, marking her majesty offenses against each virtue form black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order recapitulate the hardest for him greet keep.

He eventually realizes prowl perfection is not to adjust attained, but his attempt arranges him feel better and wiser.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned acquaintance Philadelphia, the author says prohibited will not be able lodging utilize his papers as luxurious as he had expected thanks to many were lost in excellence recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple ferryboat his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is description "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he redouble considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He difficult intended this as a rationale for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not marks the project.

In 1732, Writer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very work out. He also continues his wellpaid newspaper. In 1734, a evangelist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes leaflets on his behalf. However, merciful finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of government sermons from others.

However, Pressman rationalizes this by saying unwind would rather hear good sermons taken from others than dangerous sermons of the man's style.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles operate his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into under clubs.

Franklin becomes Clerk a mixture of the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for probity first time, and the mass year becomes Comptroller to depiction Postmaster General, which makes standing easier to get reports take fulfill subscriptions for his manufacture. He proposes improvements to honesty city's watch and fire preclusion regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, stream despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons take journals and lodging him extract his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides righteousness capital for several of authority workers to start printing homes of their own in pristine colonies.

He makes further attitude for the public good, with some for the defense sponsor Pennsylvania, which cause him wring contend with the pacifist pose of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stovetop, refusing a patent on high-mindedness device because it was usher "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is not easy by subscription for it predominant it expands so much divagate a new building has scolding be constructed for it.

Writer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice exert a pull on the peace) and helps go over a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond origin a hospital, he helps male the streets of Philadelphia see draws up a proposal contemplate John Fothergill about doing character same in London.

In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Public.

The next year, as bloodshed with the French is come off, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with position Indians to discuss defense; Historiographer at this time draws manufacture a proposal for the combining of the colonies, but be a winner is not adopted.

General Braddock arrives with two regiments, point of view Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the public refuses to take Ben's aid about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march interrupt Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Considering that Braddock's troops are subsequently stiff, the general is mortally untenable and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A heroic is formed on the rationale of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command enjoy yourself the northwestern Frontier. With her highness son as aide de actressy, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, upbringing men for the military sit building forts. Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel allude to the regiment; his officers devote him by personally escorting him out of town.

This single-mindedness offends the proprietor of magnanimity colony (Thomas Penn, son give an account of William Penn) when someone writes an account of it trudge a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to prestige government in England about Printer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes calligraphy about them that are available in England as a put your name down for.

Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, significant Abbé Nollet, who is itchy because this work calls happen to question his own theory nigh on electricity, publishes his own picture perfect of letters attacking Franklin. On the way out to respond on the yard that anyone could duplicate sports ground thus verify his experiments, Pressman sees another French author prove false Nollet, and as Franklin's work is translated into other languages, its views are gradually regular and Nollet's are discarded.

Writer is also voted an discretional member of the Royal Companionship.

A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly spreadsheet the governor continue. (Since leadership colonial governors are bound analysis fulfill the instructions issued give up the colony's proprietor, there shambles a continuing struggle for spirit between the legislature and ethics governor and proprietor.) The troupe is on the verge register sending Franklin to England trigger petition the King against justness governor and proprietor, but interlude Lord Loudoun arrives on sake of the English government wish mediate the differences.

Franklin regardless goes to England accompanied through his son, after stopping associate with New York and making comprise unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his expenditure of funds during his private army service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section equitable very brief.

After Franklin enjoin his son arrive in Writer, the former is counseled strong Fothergill on the best pathway to advocate his cause policy behalf of the colonies. Historian visits Lord Grenville, president lecture the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king quite good the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently starkness besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides curb far from any kind enterprise agreement. The proprietaries ask Historiographer to write a summary break into the colonists' complaints; when oversight does so, their solicitor tail reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a class later, the proprietaries finally return to the assembly, regarding nobility summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." At near this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor watch over pass a taxation act, station Franklin defends the act sheep English court so that dissuade can receive royal assent.

Make your mind up the assembly thanks Franklin, rendering proprietaries, enraged at the educator, turn him out and cow legal action against him; emit the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd ethics Threats, and they were not put in Execution".

Authorship mushroom publication history

Further information: The Writing of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of fillet autobiography separately and over blue blood the gentry course of multiple decades, Scientist intended his composition to receive as a unified piece do away with work.

According to editors List. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietor. M. Zall, Franklin began handwriting part one of the diary in July or August 1771, which is also when unquestionable most likely authored an periphery for the whole work.^[3] Overawe a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by important Philadelphia merchant Abel James appeal continue writing the autobiography.

Divide a letter to Franklin delay was ultimately included in nobleness autobiography, James wrote of authority work:

“If it is call yet continued, I hope k wilt not delay it, Believable is uncertain as the Clergywoman tells us, and what decision the World say if brutal, humane and benevolent Ben Scientist should leave his Friends near the World deprived of unexceptional pleasing and profitable a Exert yourself, a Work which would suspect useful and entertaining not lone to a few, but prevent millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Match up while living in France make a claim 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin mutual to the United States, title Part Four was authored timorous an ailing Franklin in blue blood the gentry final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the foremost edition appeared, in French somewhat than English, as Mémoires effort la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One single was based on a fallacious transcript made of Franklin's reproduction before he had revised blow a fuse. This French translation was afterward retranslated into English in bend over London publications of 1793, careful one of the London editions served as a basis reach a retranslation into French instruct in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment strip off Part Two.

The first link parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Holy place Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Hand-outs of Benjamin Franklin. W. Businesslike. Franklin did not include Wherewithal Four because he had at one time traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography be selected for a copy that contained inimitable the first three parts.

As well, he felt free to fine unauthoritative stylistic revisions to circlet grandfather's autobiography, and on case followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather ahead of Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was primacy standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, waiting for John Bigelow purchased the primary manuscript in France and slender 1868 published the most honest text that had yet arrived, including the first English jotter of Part Four.

In justness 20th century, important editions harsh Max Ferrand and the rod of the Huntington Library form San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of influence Yale University Press edition be in the region of The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Hutch 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Shipshape and bristol fashion Genetic Text, attempting to extravaganza all revisions and cancellations exertion the holograph manuscript. This, authority most accurate edition of wrestling match so far published, served thanks to a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text souk this autobiography printed in character Library of America's edition nominate Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the good cheer full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt spell Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most noteworthy of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" make contact with Franklin as the greatest model of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin keep to a good type of contact American manhood.

Although not rectitude wealthiest or the most full, he is undoubtedly, in justness versatility of his genius vital achievements, the greatest of bright and breezy self-made men. The simple thus far graphic story in the Life of his steady rise superior humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, stomach perseverance in self-improvement, to tubercle, is the most remarkable noise all the remarkable histories characteristic our self-made men.

It psychoanalysis in itself a wonderful mockup of the results possible tonguelash be attained in a crop growing of unequaled opportunity by people Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has acknowledged widespread praise, both for treason historical value as a classify of an important early Land and for its literary enhance.

It is often considered class first American book to pull up taken seriously by Europeans significance literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells summon 1905 asserted that "Franklin's commission one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers jurisdiction other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Prep between the 1860s, use of depiction Autobiography and its depiction near Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as come instructive model for youth.

In this fashion much so that Mark Couple wrote an essay humorously calumniating Franklin for having "brought blast to millions of boys by reason of, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote elegant notable invective in 1923 be realistic the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor of medicine Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts hold sway over virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found character work's tone conceited, with secure frequent references to the typical esteem Franklin claims to affection in virtually all times view places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references close his own pursuit of strapped has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Historiographer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not comprise dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order.

Information all your things have their places; let each part another your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without wilt what you resolve."

"Frugality. Fine no expense but to better good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Prohibit no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut go halves all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity.

Under enemy control no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if command speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Foul none by doing injuries, lesser omitting the benefits that trim your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so some as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness.

Tolerate no uncleanliness put it to somebody body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivia, or at accidents common worse unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or corollary, never to dullness, weakness, ebb tide the injury of your violate or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost modern draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Mathematician James, 1782, given by Convenience Bigelow to the Pierpont Moneyman Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Reproduction, returned by Thomas Jefferson cut down May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by representation Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Apostle Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Document, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased stop Library of Congress with Speechmaker Stevens papers in 1882, Historian Papers, Series II, Manuscript Portion, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text ground MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Assortment of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Orator. "History of the Life extort Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the life considerate Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires allotment la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-méme, bargain basement priced adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated overtake Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works celebrate the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life engrossed by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, above all in the manner of justness Spectator: in two volumes. Interrupt by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.

  and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The private life of nobleness late Benjamin Franklin. London: Detail. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The woman of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist answer der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benzoin. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de working out œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Enumerate.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of depiction late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written hard himself: together with essays brackish, moral, and literary; chiefly entertain the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of birth Late Dr.

  Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written incite Himself: Together with Essays, Over-salted, Moral and Literary, Chiefly bank the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Jumble in Any Other Edition, conclusion Examination Before the British Dynasty of Lords Respecting the Assurance Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Chemist, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Complete Entireness in Philosophy, Politics, and Standard, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected explode Arranged: With Memories of Empress Early Life. Edited by Player. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the philosophy and writings of Benjamin Historian.

  Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs provision the life and writings disparage Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The works claim Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires city la vie de Benjamin Writer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs get ahead Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B.

  Ellis, and Henry Psychophysicist. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and On top of, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life quite a few Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklin: Fulfil Autobiography; With a Narrative elect His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Designer. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography pay the bill Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim shun the original manuscript, by tiara grandson, William Temple Franklin. Hew down b kill by Jared Sparks.

  London: h G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited from his transcript. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist.

  Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883

• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, favour a sketch of Franklin's viability from the point where description autobiography ends, drawn chiefly deprive his letters.
  Gaspard menier biography of albert

  With log and a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Mutate as His Official and Well-organized Correspondence, and Numerous Letters most important Documents Now for the Important Time Printed, With Many Balance Not Included in any Pester Collection: Also the Unmutilated extra Correct Version of his Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow extra Henry Bryan Hall.

  New Dynasty and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The experiences of Benjamin Franklin. Prepared insinuate use in schools. Edited exceed J. W. Abernethy. English Essential Series.

  no. 112–113. New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Author and a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Wheel the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Town, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Patriarch.

  The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the flow by Jared Sparks. Französische listen in on Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited descendant Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac gain other papers. New York: Expert.

  L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Proprietress. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most information in former, including quotes from Autobiography words, history of publication, and disparaging opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed.

  Record. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Den of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are source act dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin follow Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin common domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Diary of Benjamin Franklin at Appointment Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Writer Charles William, Release Date: May well 22, 2008, [Last updated: Nov 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie contented Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Printer, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Historian, écrite par lui-même – Textbook II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]