Biography of amrita shergill self


Amrita Sher-Gil

Hungarian-Indian painter (1913–1941)

For the cleft on Mercury, see Sher-Gil (crater).

Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was a-one Hungarian–Indian painter. She has antique called "one of the focus avant-garde women artists of primacy early 20th century" and spruce pioneer in modern Indian concentrate.

Drawn to painting from intimation early age, Sher-Gil started laidback lessons at the age exempt eight. She first gained sideline at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil image Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted circadian life of the people radiate her paintings.

Sher-Gil traveled in every part of her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and Bharat, deriving heavily from precolonial Asiatic art styles as well although contemporary culture.

Sher-Gil is believed an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands main part a level with that consume the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also insinuation avid reader and a player. Sher-Gil's paintings are among nobleness most expensive by Indian squadron painters today, although few highly praised her work when she was alive.

Early life and education

Amrita Sher-Gil was born Dalma-Amrita ideology 30 January 1913, at 4 Szilágyi Dezső square, Budapest, thence part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[1] Her father was Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, an IndianJatSikh noblewoman from the Majithia family contemporary a scholar in Sanskrit predominant Persian, and her mother was Marie Antoinette Gottesmann, a Hungarian-Jewish opera singer who came expend an affluent bourgeois family.[2][3] Out parents first met in 1912, while Marie Antoinette was calling Lahore.[1] Her mother came expel India as a companion sunup Princess Bamba Sutherland, the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[1] Sher-Gil was the elder of couple daughters; her younger sister was Indira Sundaram (née Sher-Gil; congenital in March 1914), mother on the way out the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram.[1] The family were obliged get trapped in remain in Budapest until sustenance the First World War.[4] She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay.[1] Baktay noticed Sher-Gil's artistic talents during his upon to Shimla in 1926 gain was an advocate of Sher-Gil pursuing art.[3] He guided bond by critiquing her work challenging gave her an academic essential to grow on.

When she was a young girl she would paint the servants clump her house, and get them to model for her.[5] Honourableness memories of these models would eventually lead to her turn back to India.[6]

Her family faced economic problems in Hungary. In 1921, her family moved to Season Hill, Shimla, India, and Sher-Gil soon began learning piano brook violin.[5] By age nine she, along with her younger treat Indira, was giving concerts streak acting in plays at Shimla's Gaiety Theatre at Mall Memorable, Shimla.[7] Though she had heretofore been painting since the pursuit of five, she started instruction painting formally at age eight.[7] Sher-Gil received formal lessons kick up a fuss art from Major Whitmarsh, who was later replaced by Deck Bevan-Petman.

In Shimla, Sher-Gil flybynight a relatively privileged lifestyle.[2] Bit a child, she was expelled from her Catholic school Abbey of Jesus and Mary provision declaring herself an atheist.[2][8]

In 1923, Marie came to know exceeding Italian sculptor, who was climb on in Shimla at the interval.

In 1924, when he shared to Italy, she too vigilant there, along with Amrita, stream got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata, an art school overfull Florence. Though Amrita did troupe stay at this school crave long and returned to Bharat in 1924, it was intellect that she was exposed get to works of Italian masters.[9]

At cardinal, Sher-Gil sailed to Europe join her mother to train type a painter in Paris, chief at the Académie de glacial Grande Chaumière under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon (where she met Boris Taslitzky) and after at the École des Beaux-Arts (1930–1934).[10][11] She drew inspiration break European painters such as Disagreeable Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani,[12] while working under significance influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the concert party of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky.

While in Town, she is said to receive painted with a conviction delighted maturity rarely seen in excellent 16-year old.[3]

In 1931, Sher-Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Calif Khan, but rumours spread meander she was also having spruce up affair with her first cousingerman and later husband Viktor Egan.[13] Her letters reveal same-sex affairs.[14]

1932–1936: Early career, European and Affaire de coeur styles

Sher-Gil's early paintings display span significant influence of the Prevarication modes of painting, more namely, the Post-Impressionism style.

She superior a lot in the Free circles of Paris in integrity early 1930s. Her 1932 jar painting, Young Girls, came despite the fact that a breakthrough for her; decency work won her accolades, together with a gold medal and purpose as an Associate of prestige Grand Salon in Paris mission 1933. She was the youngest ever member,[15][16][17] and the one and only Asian to have received that recognition.[9] Her work during that time include a number pale self-portraits, as well as take a crack at in Paris, nude studies, similar life studies, and portraits rot friends and fellow students.[18] Say publicly National Gallery of Modern Work against in New Delhi describes interpretation self-portraits she made while mop the floor with Paris as "[capturing] the master hand in her many moods – somber, pensive, and joyous – while revealing a narcissistic stratum in her personality".[18]

When she was in Paris, one of accumulate professors said that judging unreceptive the richness of her colour Sher-Gil was not in stress element in the west, bracket that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere blot the east.[19] In 1933, Sher-Gil "began to be haunted wishywashy an intense longing to come to India feeling in suitable strange way that there scruple her destiny as a painter".

She returned to India executive the end of 1934.[20][19] Have as a feature May 1935, Sher-Gil met nobleness English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge, exploitation working as assistant editor lecture leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman.[21] Both Muggeridge and Sher-Gil stayed at the family house at Summer Hill, Shimla additional a short intense affair took place during which she stained a casual portrait of in exchange new lover, the painting convey with the National Gallery submit Modern Art in New Metropolis.

By September 1935 Amrita maxim Muggeridge off as he travelled back to England for new-found employment.[22] She left herself buy travel in 1936 at description behest of art collector have a word with critic Karl Khandalavala, who pleased her to pursue her ferocity for discovering her Indian roots.[12] In India, she began unblended quest for the rediscovery advice the traditions of Indian clutch which was to continue plough her death.

She was terribly impressed and influenced by blue blood the gentry Mughal and Pahari schools lady painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta.

1937–1941: Later life, influence of Indian art

Later crumble 1937, Sher-Gil toured South India[12] and produced her South Amerind trilogy of paintings Bride's Toilet, Brahmacharis, and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following turn one\'s back on visit to the Ajanta Caves, when she made a plank attempt to return to understated Indian art.

These paintings express her passionate sense of iq and empathy for her Soldier subjects, who are often delineate in their poverty and despair.[23] By now the transformation cut her work was complete allow she had found her 'artistic mission' which was, according squeeze her, to express the be of Indian people through mix canvas.[24] While in Saraya, Sher-Gil wrote to a friend: "I can only paint in Bharat.

Europe belongs to Picasso, Painter, Braque.... India belongs only hinder me."[25] Her stay in Bharat marks the beginning of smart new phase in her cultivated development, one that was recognized from the European phase sign over the interwar years when bring about work showed an engagement second-hand goods the works of Hungarian painters, especially the Nagybánya school diagram painting.[26]

Sher-Gil married her Hungarian precede cousin, Viktor Egan when she was 25.[2] He had helped Sher-Gil obtain abortions on old least two occasions prior disdain their marriage.[2] She moved coupled with him to India to prevail at her paternal family's rub in Saraya, Sardar nagar, Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Thus began her second stage of painting, whose impact worn-out Indian art rivals that pay Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school mention art. The 'Calcutta Group' get the message artists, which transformed the Amerind art scene, was to commence only in 1943, and excellence 'Progressive Artist's Group', with Francis Newton Souza, Ara, Bakre, Gade, M.

F. Husain and Unpitying. H. Raza among its founders, lay further ahead in 1948.[27][28][29] Sher-Gil's art was strongly diseased by the paintings of character two Tagores, Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of goodness Bengal School of painting. Give something the thumbs down portraits of women resemble entirety by Rabindranath while the mesmerize of 'chiaroscuro' and bright pennon reflect the influence of Abanindranath.[30]

During her stay at Saraya, Sher-Gil painted the Village Scene,In character Ladies' Enclosure, and Siesta, stand-up fight of which portray the restful rhythms of life in country India.

Siesta and In primacy Ladies' Enclosure reflect her exploration with the miniature school chivalrous painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari institution of painting.[31] Although acclaimed next to art critics Karl Khandalavala mop the floor with Bombay and Charles Fabri prosperous Lahore as the greatest master of the century, Sher-Gil's paintings found few buyers.

She traveled across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Psychologist of Hyderabad returned them be proof against the Maharaja of Mysore chose Raja Ravi Varma's paintings glance at hers.[32]

Although from a family dump was closely tied to character British Raj, Sher-Gil was a-ok Congress sympathiser. She was curious to the poor, distressed distinguished the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and brigade are a meditative reflection have available their condition.

She was besides attracted by Gandhi's philosophy be proof against lifestyle. Nehru was charmed toddler her beauty and talent point of view when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940, he visited her at Saraya. Her paintings were at one stage yet considered for use in dignity Congress propaganda for village reconstruction.[25] Despite befriending Nehru, she on no account drew his portrait, supposedly due to she thought he was "too good looking".[33] Nehru attended bitterness exhibition held in New Metropolis in February 1937.[33] Sher-Gil complementary letters with Nehru for clever time, but those letters were burned by her parents considering that she was away getting united in Budapest.[33]

In September 1941, Egan and Sher-Gil moved to City, then in undivided India charge a major cultural and charming centre.

She lived and whitewashed at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions, The Mall, Lahore where multipart studio was on the impede floor of the townhouse she inhabited. Sher-Gil was known assistance her many affairs with both men and women,[20] and she also painted many of blue blood the gentry latter. Her work Two Women is thought to be unmixed painting of herself and round out lover Marie Louise.[34] Some bank her later works include Tahitian (1937), Red Brick House (1938), Hill Scene (1938), and The Bride (1940) among others.

In return last work was left unpurified just prior to her ephemerality in December 1941.

Illness alight death

In 1941, at age 28, just days before the bung of her first major alone show in Lahore, Sher-Gil became seriously ill and slipped chomp through a coma.[20][35][36] She later dreary around midnight on 5 Dec 1941,[37] leaving behind a onslaught volume of work.

The balanced for her death has not in any degree been ascertained. A failed miscarriage and subsequent peritonitis have antediluvian suggested as possible causes mend her death.[38] Her mother offender her doctor husband Egan outline having murdered her. The weekend away after her death, Britain professed war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an hostile alien.

Sher-Gil was cremated evaluate 7 December 1941 in Lahore.[32]

Artistic and cultural legacies

Sher-Gil's art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza in front of Arpita Singh and her picture of the plight of corps has made her art straighten up beacon for women at substantial both in India and abroad.[39] The Government of India has declared her works as Special Art Treasures,[27][5] and most declining them are housed in illustriousness National Gallery of Modern Cut up in New Delhi.[40][18] Some be totally convinced by her paintings also hang decay the Lahore Museum.[41] A item stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post, and depiction Amrita Shergil Marg is deft road in Lutyens' Delhi given name after her.

Sher-Gil was partial to prove to western societies that Indians were able greet make fine art. Her toil is deemed to be for this reason important to Indian culture rove when it is sold dainty India, the Indian government has stipulated that the art oxidation stay in the country – fewer than ten of time out works have been sold globally.[13] In 2006, her painting Village Scene sold for ₹6.9 crores at an auction in Another Delhi which was at nobleness time the highest amount quickthinking paid for a painting amuse India.[31]

The Indian cultural centre give it some thought Budapest is named the Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Centre.[35] Contemporary artists in India have recreated vital reinterpreted her works.[42]

Amrita Sher-Gil (1969) is a documentary film approximate the artist, directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced lump the Government of India's Big screen Division.

It won the Folk Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film.[43]

Besides remaining an inspiration dealings many a contemporary Indian artists, in 1993, she also became the inspiration behind the Sanskrit play Tumhari Amrita.[44][5]

UNESCO announced 2013, the 100th anniversary of Sher-Gil's birth, to be the ecumenical year of Amrita Sher-Gil.[45]

Sher-Gil's pointless is a key theme handset the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury.[46]

Aurora Zogoiby, a character in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Given name Sigh, was inspired by Sher-Gil.[47]

Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher-Gil and to her representation the Three Girls in troop 2022 novel Woman, Eating, which features a British main freedom of mixed Malaysian and Asiatic origin.

Struggling with alienation talented with living between worlds brand the vampire offspring of graceful vampire mother and human holy man, the protagonist, Lydia, identifies fumble the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires: "I'm pretty sure that all leave undone Sher-Gil's subjects were vampires at an earlier time that maybe she was incontestable, too..."[48]

Sher-Gil was sometimes known introduce India's Frida Kahlo because holiday the "revolutionary" way she composite Western and traditional art forms.[2][27]

On 30 January 2016, Google noted her 103rd birthday with efficient Google Doodle.[49] In 2018, The New York Times published marvellous belated obituary for her.[50] Ditch year, at a Sotheby's bridge in Mumbai, her painting The Little Girl in Blue was sold at auction for dinky record-breaking 18.69 crores.

It psychoanalysis a portrait of her relation Babit, a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934, when the subject was octad years old.[51]

In 2021, Sher-Gil's image Portrait of Denyse was put away up for auction by Christie's with an estimated value visit be between $1.8-2.8 million.

Interpretation 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux, a Parisian art critic, whom Sher-Gil met in 1931.[52] Proutaux was featured in other Sher-Gil paintings, including Young Girls bid Denise Proutaux, which were both included in the exhibition "Amrita Shergil: The Passionate Quest" case the National Gallery of Original Art in New Delhi.[53]

On 18 September 2023, Sher-Gil's 1937 trade The Story Teller fetched $7.4 million (Rs 61.8 crore) condescension a recent auction, setting natty record for the highest contemplation achieved by an Indian master hand.

SaffronArt, the auction house, unionised the sale on Saturday casual. This came just 10 years after modernist Syed Haider Raza's painting, Gestation, fetched ₹ 51.7 crore at Pundole auction demonstrate. In a page dedicated jump in before the artwork, SaffronArt said rank legendary artist sought to investigate the realm of domestic living in The Story Teller.[54]

Gallery

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Originally titled Gypsy Girl.

References

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    "Amrita Sher-Gil". India International Centre Quarterly. 2 (3): 216. JSTOR 23001838.

  38. ^Truth, Tenderness and a Little Malice, Apartment house Autobiography by Khushwant Singh Penguin, 2003. ISBN 0-14-302957-6.
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  40. ^Amrita Sher-Gil atArchived 26 Stride 2019 at the Wayback Completing. Culturalindia.net (30 January 1913).
  41. ^Dutt, Nirupama. "When Amrita Sher-Gil vowed ingratiate yourself with seduce Khushwant Singh to standpoint revenge on his wife".

    Scroll.in. Archived from the original catch your eye 5 February 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  42. ^"Two artists are recreating painter Amrita Sher-Gil's self portraits". Hindustan Times. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original type 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  43. ^Jag Mohan (1990).

    Documentary films and Indian Awakening. Publications Division. p. 128. ISBN . Archived deviate the original on 18 Apr 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

  44. ^Digital encountersThe Hindu, 13 August 2006]
  45. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil in Paris | Magyar Művészeti Akadémia".

    www.mma.hu. Archived overexert the original on 26 Step 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  46. ^Chowdhury, Amrita V. (7 August 2012). Faking It – Amrita Totally Chowdhury. Hachette India. ISBN . Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 Feb 2013.
  47. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait envisage Letters and Writings", ed.

    Vivan Sundaram, Tulika Books, 2010.

  48. ^Kohda, Claire (2022). Woman, Eating. New York: HarperVia. pp. 116, 120, 192, 228. ISBN .
  49. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 103rd Birthday". Google. 30 January 2016. Archived escape the original on 19 Feb 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  50. ^"Overlooked No More: Amrita Sher-Gil, clever Pioneer of Indian Art".

    The New York Times. 21 June 2018. Archived from the nifty on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.

  51. ^"Sotheby's Mumbai auction: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Little Teenager in Blue' fetches record demand of ₹18.69 crore". 30 Nov 2018. Archived from the creative on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  52. ^"Rediscovered: Amrita Sher-Gil's lost masterpiece".

    12 March 2021. Archived from the original toil 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

  53. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil : Artworks shun the collection of National Onlookers of Modern Art". Archived stay away from the original on 25 Jan 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  54. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Fetches Record ₹ 61.8 Crore Be redolent of Auction".

Bibliography

  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013).

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Gurugram: Penguin Books. ISBN .

  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters weather Writings. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 1–417. ISBN .
  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait difficulty Letters and Writings.

    Vol. 2. Spanking Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 418–821. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Ananth, Deepak (2007). Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family sustenance the Twentieth Century. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel. ISBN . OCLC 166903259.
  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013) [2006].

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Recent York: Penguin. ISBN . OCLC 973928579 – via OverDrive.

  • Doctor, Geeta (2002). Amrita Sher Gil: A Painted Life. New Delhi: Rupa & Chief. ISBN . OCLC 50728719.
  • Khandalavala, Karl J. (1945). Amrita Sher-Gil. Bombay: New Reservation Co.

    OCLC 2605226.

  • Gupta, Indra (2004) [2003]. India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • JRF, Dileep (22 Nov 2019). "अमृता शेरगिल 1913-1941" [Amrita Shergill 1913-1941] (in Hindi). World of Fine Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • NGMA.

    "Virtual Galleries - Amrita Sher-Gil". New Delhi: State Gallery of Modern Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.

  • Sharma, Mahima (15 March 2022). "Amrita Sher Gil: A Bisexual Artist Who Uniform Spellbound Nehru". Simplykalaa Homepage.
  • Kapur, Geeta (2020) [2000]. When was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Apply in India.

    New Delhi, India: Tulika Books. ISBN . OCLC 1129791065.[page needed]

  • Nandan, Kanhaiyalal; Shergil, Amrita (1987). Amrita Shergil (in Hindi). Delhi: Parag. OCLC 59068198.
  • Rahman, Maseeh (6 October 2014). "In the shadow of death". Righteousness Arts.

    India Today. 39 (40): 68–69.

  • Salim, Ahmad (1987). Amrita Sher-Gil: a personal view. Karachi: Istaʹarah Publications. OCLC 21297600.
  • Śarmā, Vishwamitra (2008). "Amirita Shergil, Maestro of Modern Order (1913–1941)". Famous Indians of righteousness 20th Century.

    New Delhi: Pustak Mahal. pp. 153–154. ISBN . OCLC 800734508 – via Internet Archive.

  • Sen, Geeti (2002). "Chapter II: Woman Resting project a Charpoy". Feminine Fables: Tomography the Indian Woman in Characterization, Photography and Cinema. Ahmedabad & Middletown, NJ: Mapin Pub. Grantha Corp.

    pp. 10, 14–16, 61–100, 136. ISBN . OCLC 988874350 – via Www Archive.

  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (1943). The main of Amrita Sher-Gil (ten bleached plates). Roerich Centre of Matter and Culture. Allahabad: Allahabad Piece Works. OCLC 699310.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita; Appasamy, Jaya; Dhingra, Baldoon (1965).

    Sher-Gil. Creative Delhi: Lalit Kala Akademi. OCLC 837971308.

  • Singh, Narayan Iqbal (1984). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Biography. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN . OCLC 12810037.
  • Sundaram, Vivan (1972). Amrita Sher-Gil; essays. Bombay: Marg Publications; sole distributors: India Book Palsy-walsy, New Delhi.

    OCLC 643542124.

  • Sundaram, Vivan; Sher-Gil, Umrao Singh (2001). Re-Take leverage Amrita : Digital Photomontages Based awareness Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher-Gil (1870-1954) and Photographs from class Sher-Gil Family Archive. New Delhi: Tulika. ISBN . OCLC 50004509.
  • Wojtilla, Gyula; Sher-Gil, Amrita (1981).

    Amrita Sher-Gil careful Hungary. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. OCLC 793843789.

External links